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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

1.6K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
143
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

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In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
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Wind Tunnel Experiments to Study Chaparral Crown Fires
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A national-scale sampled temperate fuel moisture database.

Katy Ivison1, Kerryn Little2, Alice Orpin2

  • 1School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. k.e.ivison@bham.ac.uk.

Scientific Data
|September 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents the first UK national dataset on fuel moisture content (FMC), crucial for understanding wildfire ignitability and behavior. The findings aid in developing fire danger models for regions not traditionally prone to wildfires.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Forestry
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Fuel moisture content (FMC) is a critical factor influencing wildfire ignitability, behavior, and severity.
  • Understanding FMC's drivers and variability is essential for accurate wildfire risk assessment and management.
  • Traditionally non-fire-prone regions like the UK are experiencing emerging fire-prone ecosystems, highlighting a need for localized fuel moisture data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the first United Kingdom (UK) national-scale temperate fuel moisture content (FMC) dataset.
  • To characterize the spatio-temporal drivers of FMC across diverse UK ecosystems.
  • To contribute foundational data for developing a fire danger rating system in non-fire-prone regions.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 8,057 fuel samples from eighteen fuel constituents across 58 sites in the UK between 2021-2023.
  • Conducted three distinct sampling studies: UK-wide long-term, landscape-scale (North Yorkshire Moors), and plot-scale (West Midlands).
  • Investigated spatio-temporal drivers, landscape-driven variability, diurnal patterns, and measurement variability of FMC.

Main Results:

  • Generated a comprehensive national FMC dataset for temperate fuel types in the UK.
  • Identified key spatio-temporal drivers influencing fuel moisture dynamics.
  • Quantified variability in FMC at landscape and plot scales, including diurnal patterns.

Conclusions:

  • The developed UK FMC dataset addresses a significant data gap for traditionally non-fire-prone regions.
  • This research advances the understanding of temperate fuel moisture dynamics.
  • The findings provide a fundamental contribution towards establishing a UK fire danger rating system.