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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Protective Factor for Myopia.

Can Can Xue1, Hengtong Li2, Xing-Xuan Dong3

  • 1From the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore.

American Journal of Ophthalmology
|September 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher omega-3 fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may reduce myopia risk. This study used Mendelian randomization to analyze genetic data, suggesting a protective effect possibly linked to choroidal blood flow.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Vision Science
  • Nutritional Science
  • Genetics and Epidemiology

Background:

  • Animal studies suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may prevent myopia by influencing choroidal blood flow.
  • Clinical evidence supporting the role of omega-3 PUFAs in myopia prevention is limited and inconsistent.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a method to investigate causal relationships using genetic variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the causal relationship between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and myopia.
  • To assess the genetic predisposition to higher plasma levels of fatty acids and their association with refractive error and axial length.

Main Methods:

  • A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted.
  • Genetic variants associated with 18 fatty acid-related traits were used as instrumental variables.
  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for refractive error (spherical equivalent refraction, SER), axial length, and choroidal thickness were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Higher genetically predicted levels of omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and related ratios were associated with a more positive SER, indicating a lower risk of myopia.
  • Similar trends were observed for axial length, though significance was borderline.
  • Increased levels of omega-3, DHA, and other PUFA-related traits were nominally associated with increased choroidal thickness.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest a potential protective effect of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, against myopia.
  • The mechanism may involve the modulation of choroidal blood perfusion.
  • Further randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings and establish optimal dosage and duration.