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A unique trimeric triphenylene radical cation: stacking aggregation, bonding, and stability.

Rameswar Bhattacharjee1, Megan E McCormack2, Zheng Zhou2,3

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Researchers discovered a novel triphenylene trimer cation radical with unique π-stacking in a new gallium chloride salt. This finding reveals the first observed triphenylene aggregate, stabilized by shared electrons.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Triphenylene derivatives are known for their unique electronic and structural properties.
  • π-stacking interactions are crucial in self-assembly and material design.
  • Gallium chloride complexes exhibit diverse oligomeric structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel salt containing a triphenylene trimer cation radical.
  • To investigate the π-stacking behavior and electronic properties of the triphenylene aggregate.
  • To understand the structural preferences of the gallium chloride anion and the stability of the cationic aggregate.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to determine the crystal structure.
  • Computational modeling (e.g., DFT) to rationalize structural and electronic properties.
  • Analysis of π-stacking interactions and electron distribution.

Main Results:

  • A unique π-stacking triphenylene trimer cation radical unit was observed in the crystal structure of [(C18H12)3]˙+(Ga3Cl10)−.
  • The structure features pancake bonding attributed to a shared electron distributed over the trimer.
  • Computational modeling explained the chain-shaped gallium chloride anion and the preference for the trimer aggregate.
  • Stabilization energy of 5-7 kcal mol−1 was calculated for larger aggregates (5-6 units).

Conclusions:

  • The study reports the first observed triphenylene aggregate, a trimer cation radical, in a novel gallium chloride salt.
  • The unique π-stacking and shared electron distribution contribute to the stability of the aggregate.
  • Computational insights provide a deeper understanding of the self-assembly principles in this system and potential for larger π-stacked structures.