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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

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Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.3K
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

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Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

5.0K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
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A new supra-molecular cobalt(II) complex based on 1,10-phenanthroline and 4-nitro-phthalate ligands.

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Synthesis and structure of norfloxacinium acetate sesquihydrate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products
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Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products

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Norfloxacinium nitrate.

Abdusamat Rasulov1, Batirbay Torambetov2, Bekmurod Alimnazarov3

  • 1Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, M. Ulugbek St 83, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan.

Iucrdata
|September 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Norfloxacin nitrate forms a molecular salt through proton transfer. Hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions stabilize the crystal structure, influencing its properties.

Keywords:
crystal structurehydrogen bondsmol­ecular structurenorfloxacin

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography and Materials Science
  • Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

  • Norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a piperazine ring.
  • Understanding the salt formation and crystal structure of pharmaceuticals is crucial for drug development and formulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the molecular salt formed between norfloxacin and nitric acid.
  • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the norfloxacinium nitrate salt.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal structure.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions.

Main Results:

  • Proton transfer from nitric acid to the piperazine nitrogen of norfloxacin resulted in a molecular salt.
  • The crystal structure features [100] chains formed by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between cations and anions.
  • Aromatic π-π stacking interactions between quinoline moieties further stabilize the structure.

Conclusions:

  • The formation of norfloxacinium nitrate involves a significant proton transfer.
  • The crystal packing is governed by a combination of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking, influencing the solid-state properties of the salt.