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ESKAPE Pathogens: Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns, Risk Factors, and Outcomes a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Abdallah Damin Abukhalil1, Sally Amer Barakat1, Aseel Mansour1
1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Birzeit, West Bank, State of Palestine.
Infection and Drug Resistance
|September 9, 2024
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance among ESKAPE pathogens is alarmingly high in Palestinian hospitals, with multi-drug resistance (MDR) exceeding 90% in key bacteria. Emerging colistin resistance threatens treatment options, necessitating urgent public health interventions.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) poses a significant threat in healthcare settings.
- Multi-drug resistance (MDR) among these pathogens complicates treatment and increases patient mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of ESKAPE pathogens in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine.
- To identify factors associated with multi-drug resistance (MDR) among hospitalized patients infected with ESKAPE pathogens.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed electronic medical records and laboratory results from November 2021 to November 2022.
- Included were adult patients (>18 years) infected with ESKAPE pathogens 48 hours post-admission.
Main Results:
- Of 231 patients, 90.5% had MDR infections. Acinetobacter baumannii (95.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (83.8%) showed high resistance rates.
- Emerging colistin resistance was observed in A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. Age, department, and invasive procedures were risk factors for MDR.
- MDR infections were associated with increased 30-day mortality (p<0.001).
Conclusions:
- The study reveals alarming levels of MDR among ESKAPE pathogens in Palestine, with resistance to first-line agents and emerging colistin resistance.
- Urgent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs, infection control guidelines, and policy interventions is crucial.
- Further research into novel treatment options is essential to combat this growing public health crisis.
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