Acute exercise-induced inflammatory and thrombotic response in hypertensive patients

Vigorous physical activity may acutely trigger the onset of an acute coronary syndrome especially in sedentary persons with established cardiovascular risk factors such as arterial hypertension. The rupture of an inflamed coronary plaque and the activation of the coagulation cascade are the main underlying mechanisms. The present study aimed to determine the effect of acute exercise on the inflammatory and thrombotic response in patients with arterial hypertension as compared to normotensive peers.

After excluding patients with any inflammatory or/and coronary artery disease, a total of 60 non-treated hypertensive patients and 65 normotensive individuals underwent a maximal treadmill exercise testing. Βlood samples were drawn at rest and immediately after peak exercise. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), white blood cell (WBC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and total fibrinogen (TF) levels, as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, were measured.

All biomarkers increased with exercise, except PAI-1, which decreased (P < 0.05 for the change between resting and peak exercise for all biomarkers). Αfter adjusting for relevant confounders (duration of exercise, metabolic equivalents, systolic BP, and rate-pressure product achieved at peak exercise), the normotensive group had less marked (P < 0.05) exercise-induced changes than the hypertensive group in hsCRP (7.7 vs. 8.6%), SAA (5.6 vs. 11.9%), WBC (45.0 vs. 51.7%), and PAI-1 (-17.3 vs. -20.1%) and a similar (P = NS) change in IL-6 (23.8 vs. 23.0%) and TF (8.5 vs. 8.5%).

In conclusion, the acute exercise-induced inflammatory and thrombotic response seems to be more pronounced in non-treated hypertensive patients than in normotensive controls. Possible clinical implications of this finding merit further examination.