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Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Gastroenteritis: 2009-2022
Alpha Oumar Diallo1,2, Mary E Wikswo1, Iddrisu Sulemana1
1Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Pediatrics
|September 10, 2024
Summary
Rotavirus vaccines are highly effective in preventing emergency department visits and hospitalizations in US children. This 13-year study shows sustained vaccine effectiveness against severe rotavirus disease.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
- Public Health Surveillance
Background:
- Rotavirus historically led to acute gastroenteritis in US children before vaccine introduction in 2006.
- Vaccine introduction resulted in significant reductions in severe rotavirus disease among children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines over a 13-year period (2009-2022).
- To assess rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infections and associated healthcare visits.
Main Methods:
- A test-negative case-control design was employed using data from the New Vaccine Surveillance Network.
- Stool specimens from children with acute gastroenteritis were tested for rotavirus using enzyme immunoassay or PCR.
- Rotavirus VE was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio)×100% using multivariable logistic regression.
Main Results:
- The study analyzed 16,188 children aged 8-59 months, with 11% testing positive for rotavirus.
- Overall rotavirus vaccine effectiveness against emergency department visits or hospitalization was 78%.
- Effectiveness varied by disease severity (59% mild, 80% moderate, 94% severe) and was higher in children younger than 3 years.
Conclusions:
- Rotavirus vaccines demonstrate sustained high effectiveness in preventing rotavirus-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations in US children.
- The vaccines provide robust protection against common circulating rotavirus genotypes.
