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Neurocognitive Functioning is Impaired in Perinatally HIV-Infected Youth

Tamara Welikson, Manoj K Sarma, Margaret Keller

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |September 10, 2024
    PubMed

    Insights

    Perinatally HIV-infected youth experience persistent neurocognitive deficits despite early antiviral treatment (ART). These cognitive impairments, particularly in verbal learning, impact daily functioning and are associated with untreated depression.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Psychology

    Background:

    • Perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) youth face ongoing neurocognitive challenges into adulthood.
    • Early and consistent antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not fully mitigated these deficits.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate neurocognitive differences between PHIV-infected youth and healthy controls.
    • To assess the impact of HIV infection on cognitive domains, sleep, and depression.

    Main Methods:

    • A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered to assess cognitive functions.
    • Overall Neurocognitive Composite Scores and Global Deficit Scores (GDS) were calculated.
    • Sleep patterns and depression levels were also evaluated.

    Main Results:

    • PHIV-infected youth demonstrated poorer performance across all neurocognitive domains compared to controls.
    • Significant impairments were noted in verbal learning, impacting overall functioning.
    • PHIV-infected youth reported higher rates of depression, with no observed differences in sleep.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurocognitive deficiencies persist in PHIV-infected young adults despite long-term ART.
    • Impaired verbal learning has significant functional implications.
    • Untreated depression is prevalent among PHIV-infected youth.
    Abstract

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