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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...

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Related Experiment Video

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Transcriptome Analysis of Single Cells
07:27

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Published on: April 25, 2011

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The opposite aging effect to single cell transcriptome profile among cell subsets.

Daigo Okada1

  • 1Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Syogoin-Kawaramachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. dokada@genome.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Biogerontology
|September 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impacts gene expression differently across cell types, with some showing increased activity and others decreased. This opposite aging effect is widespread, particularly in genes involved in ribosomal function and translation.

Keywords:
AgingBioinformaticsSingle-cell RNA-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Aging Research
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression changes with age, varying by sex, tissue, and cell type.
  • Understanding these age-related gene expression patterns is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the widespread 'opposite aging effect' on gene expression across different cell subsets.
  • To analyze how aging influences transcriptome diversity within various cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Tabula Muris Senis dataset, a comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing resource from mice.
  • Compared gene expression profiles between younger and older samples across diverse cell subsets.

Main Results:

  • Observed a prevalent 'opposite aging effect' where gene expression increases in some cell subsets and decreases in others.
  • This effect was significantly enriched in genes associated with ribosomal function and translation.
  • Transcriptome diversity, measured by gene count and Shannon entropy, also exhibited this opposite aging pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Aging's impact on gene expression is complex and cell-subset specific.
  • Interventions targeting aging-related genes must account for these cell-specific expression changes.