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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Contracted functional connectivity profiles in autism.

Clara F Weber1,2,3, Valeria Kebets1, Oualid Benkarim1

  • 1Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Molecular Autism
|September 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to altered brain connectivity, with this study finding reduced long-range connections and increased short-range connections in individuals with ASD. These connectivity changes, measured by connectivity distance (CD), appear to be a stable imaging biomarker for ASD.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderConnectivity disruptionsDistance profilingFunctional connectivityMagnetic resonance imagingNeurodevelopmental disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Developmental Disorders

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by atypical brain network organization.
  • Previous research suggests functional connectivity alterations in ASD may vary with connection length.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether functional connectopathy in ASD is specifically associated with disruptions in long-range versus short-range functional connections.
  • To examine the relationship between connectivity distance (CD) and macroscale networks, microarchitecture, and clinical phenotypes in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the ABIDE-I dataset with 103 males with ASD and 108 neurotypical controls (NT).
  • Computed cortex-wide connectivity distance (CD) measures using geodesic distance mapping and resting-state functional connectivity.
  • Compared CD between ASD and NT groups, analyzing associations with age, symptom severity, and IQ, and exploring relationships with cortical gradients and cytoarchitecture.

Main Results:

  • ASD participants exhibited widespread reductions in CD compared to NT controls, indicating shorter average connection lengths.
  • These reductions suggest decreased long-range connectivity and increased short-range connectivity in ASD, particularly in transmodal systems.
  • ASD-related CD reductions were consistent across age and symptom severity, and positively correlated with IQ scores.

Conclusions:

  • Reductions in connectivity distance (CD) represent a stable imaging phenotype in ASD, predominantly affecting paralimbic and heteromodal association systems.
  • These findings support previous reports of an imbalance between short-range overconnectivity and long-range underconnectivity in ASD.
  • The study highlights CD as a potential biomarker for understanding brain network organization in ASD.