Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Masonry01:28

Masonry

Masonry, known for its strength, durability, and aesthetic versatility, encompasses construction with solid stone or man-made units like bricks, clay tiles, terra cotta, and concrete blocks, combined to form structures like walls, floors, and arches. These units are placed in a systematic fashion, known as coursing, and are bound together using mortar—a mixture typically made of water, cement, and sand.
The process of building with masonry is hands-on and can be executed with basic tools. A...
Spanning Openings in Brick Walls01:20

Spanning Openings in Brick Walls

In brick wall construction, supporting structures are crucial for openings like windows and doors to maintain the integrity and support the weight of the wall above. These supports include lintels, corbels, and arches, each serving specific structural purposes.
Lintels are primary supports used to span openings and can be crafted from materials such as reinforced concrete, steel-reinforced brick masonry, or simple steel angles. These are straightforward to install and are typically concealed...
Reinforced Brick Masonry01:15

Reinforced Brick Masonry

Reinforced brick masonry is an advanced construction technique that enhances the structural integrity of brick walls by incorporating steel reinforcements. These reinforcements are either placed within the hollow cores of bricks or sandwiched between two layers of masonry, known as wythes, and are then secured in place with grout. Grout is a fluid mixture composed of Portland cement, aggregate, and water, providing the necessary bonding agent for the steel and brick.
To fortify brick walls...
Masonry Cavity Walls01:26

Masonry Cavity Walls

Cavity walls feature a hollow space between the outer and inner wythes, connected only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. When water seeps through the outer wythe, it descends within this cavity, intercepted by flashing and eventually exiting through weep holes. To enhance moisture resistance, the inner wythe's cavity side often receives damp-proofing, doubling as an air barrier. The cavity can also house insulation to mitigate heat transfer.
Maintaining a clean cavity during construction is...
Masonry Loadbearing Walls01:16

Masonry Loadbearing Walls

Masonry load-bearing walls, constructed from materials like brick, stone, or concrete masonry units, serve as a crucial component in building structures by supporting the loads from floors and roofs and transferring them to the foundation. These walls, known for their compressive strength, can be reinforced or unreinforced to suit different building needs, accommodating both the dead and live loads while maintaining safety through lower working stresses compared to the materials' ultimate...
Posttensioned Masonry Walls01:15

Posttensioned Masonry Walls


Post-tensioned masonry walls use high-strength steel rods or flexible tendons to enhance the strength and efficiency of masonry structures. These elements are securely anchored to the foundation and extend vertically either within the cores of the masonry units or between the masonry wythes. The construction process involves building the wall with these tensioning elements in place and allowing the mortar to fully cure.
Following the curing process, the tensioning begins. Steel rods are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toward Clinical Translation of a Bimodal Fluorescence Tool for Oral Cancer Detection and Biopsy Guidance.

Journal of biophotonics·2026
Same author

Kinesin-1 conformational dynamics are controlled by a cargo-sensitive TPR switch.

eLife·2026
Same author

Enhanced epithelial fluorescence sensitivity using an oblique-angled fiber optic probe for epithelial cancer diagnosis: a modified Monte Carlo simulation study.

Applied optics·2025
Same author

Study of defect-induced magnetic anisotropy in MWCNT and RGO dispersed SnTe using spin resonance and magnetic measurement.

Nanoscale·2025
Same author

Smartphone-based bimodal device (SBBD) for oral precancer diagnosis and biopsy guidance in clinical settings.

Optics letters·2025
Same author

Higher stability of nanophase Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub> upon 400 keV Kr<sup>+</sup> ion irradiation over bulk: role of defect annealing across grain boundaries.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Assessing Burrowing, Nest Construction, and Hoarding in Mice
08:23

Assessing Burrowing, Nest Construction, and Hoarding in Mice

Published on: January 5, 2012

32.1K

Why animals construct helical burrows: Construction vs. post-construction benefits.

J Sean Doody1, Shivam Shukla1, Stephen T Hasiotis2

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida St. Petersburg Florida USA.

Ecology and Evolution
|September 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Helical burrowing behavior in animals evolved independently many times. This study found no single general explanation for its evolution, suggesting varied advantages across taxa and environments.

Keywords:
behaviorcost‐benefitextended phenotypehelical burrowhelixichnotaxa

More Related Videos

Mimicking a Space Mission to Mars Using Hindlimb Unloading and Partial Weight Bearing in Rats
05:54

Mimicking a Space Mission to Mars Using Hindlimb Unloading and Partial Weight Bearing in Rats

Published on: April 4, 2019

10.5K
Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials
08:41

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials

Published on: August 13, 2019

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Assessing Burrowing, Nest Construction, and Hoarding in Mice
08:23

Assessing Burrowing, Nest Construction, and Hoarding in Mice

Published on: January 5, 2012

32.1K
Mimicking a Space Mission to Mars Using Hindlimb Unloading and Partial Weight Bearing in Rats
05:54

Mimicking a Space Mission to Mars Using Hindlimb Unloading and Partial Weight Bearing in Rats

Published on: April 4, 2019

10.5K
Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials
08:41

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials

Published on: August 13, 2019

8.2K

Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Zoology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Helical burrowing is an extended phenotype observed across diverse animal taxa since the Cambrian explosion.
  • Previous research proposed several hypotheses for helical burrowing, but a unifying explanation is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compile hypotheses for helical burrowing behavior in animals.
  • To test the applicability of these hypotheses across a wide range of extant and extinct taxa using trace fossil evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled 10 hypotheses for helical burrowing, categorizing them as post-construction or construction benefits.
  • Examined the fit of these hypotheses to 21 extant taxa and ichnotaxa, representing numerous species.
  • Analyzed evidence for each hypothesis across taxa and environmental contexts.

Main Results:

  • Antipredator and biomechanical advantage hypotheses were not rejected for any species.
  • Six hypotheses, including microclimate buffer and reduced falling sediment, fit most species.
  • Construction hypotheses were supported for a significant portion of taxa, suggesting benefits during burrow formation.
  • Hypotheses like increased drainage and microbial farming explained behavior in a minority of taxa.

Conclusions:

  • No single general explanation accounts for the evolution of helical burrowing across all animal taxa.
  • The function of helical burrows as an extended phenotype likely varies, offering different advantages depending on the taxon, environment, and physicochemical controls.
  • Further research is needed to test specific hypotheses for selected taxa.