Stability and Dynamics of Zeolite-Confined Gold Nanoclusters

Nanoengineered metal@zeolite materials have recently emerged as a promising class of catalysts for several industrially relevant reactions. These materials, which consist of small transition metal nanoclusters confined within three-dimensional zeolite pores, are interesting because they show higher stability and better sintering resistance under reaction conditions. While several such hybrid catalysts have been reported experimentally, key questions such as the impact of the zeolite frameworks on the properties of the metal clusters are not well understood. To address such knowledge gaps, in this study, we report a robust and transferable machine learning-based potential (MLP) that is capable of describing the structure, stability, and dynamics of zeolite-confined gold nanoclusters. Specifically, we show that the resulting MLP maintains ab initio accuracy across a range of temperatures (300-1000 K) and can be used to investigate time scales (>10 ns), length scales (ca. 10,000 atoms), and phenomena (e.g., ensemble-averaged stability and diffusivity) that are typically inaccessible using density functional theory (DFT). Taken together, this study represents an important step in enabling the rational theory-guided design of metal@zeolite catalysts.