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Related Concept Videos

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
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There are three types of cytoskeletal structures in eukaryotic cells—microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the thickest of these fibers. Microtubules carry out a variety of functions that include cell structure and support, transport of organelles, cell motility (movement), and the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
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Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Quantitative Microtubule Fractionation Technique to Separate Stable Microtubules, Labile Microtubules, and Free Tubulin in Mouse Tissues
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Microtubule function and dysfunction in the nervous system.

Eun-Hae Jang1, Harryn Choi2, Eun-Mi Hur3

  • 1Laboratory of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.

Molecules and Cells
|September 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The tubulin code, a system of microtubule modifications, regulates neuronal structure and transport. Disruptions in this code are linked to neurological disorders.

Keywords:
Neural developmentNeurodegenerationPost-translational modificationTubulin codeTubulin isotype

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Microtubules are essential for neuronal structure and function.
  • The "tubulin code" comprises tubulin isoforms and post-translational modifications that regulate microtubule properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the tubulin code in the nervous system.
  • To highlight tubulin post-translational modifications in mammalian nervous system development and maintenance.
  • To explore the connection between tubulin code disruptions and neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on tubulin code mechanisms.
  • Analysis of tubulin post-translational modifications in neuronal contexts.
  • Examination of links to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Results:

  • The tubulin code directly influences microtubule stability, dynamics, and protein interactions.
  • Specific tubulin modifications are implicated in nervous system development and maintenance.
  • Alterations in the tubulin code are associated with various neurological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the tubulin code is crucial for comprehending neuronal function and health.
  • Further research into the tubulin code may reveal therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.