Maxillary sinus actinomycosis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

The authors present a case of maxillary sinus actinomycosis in a young adult woman.This is a rare condition whose unspecific clinical presentation makes its diagnosis challenging. In this case, the diagnosis was given by the identification of Actinomyces colonies in samples of infected tissue.Treatment consisted of a combined medical and surgical approach. Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed to remove diseased mucosa and to aerate the involved sinuses, followed by long-term antibiotic therapy. No recurrence of the disease was observed during follow-up.