Maxillary sinus actinomycosis: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

Area of Science:

• Medical Mycology
• Otolaryngology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species.
• Maxillary sinus actinomycosis is an uncommon manifestation, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms.
• Diagnosis can be delayed due to the subtle and varied clinical presentation.

Observation:

• A case of maxillary sinus actinomycosis in a young adult female is presented.
• Diagnosis was confirmed by identifying Actinomyces colonies in infected tissue samples.
• The patient exhibited nonspecific symptoms, complicating initial diagnosis.

Findings:

• A combined medical and surgical treatment approach was employed.
• Endoscopic sinus surgery facilitated removal of diseased tissue and sinus aeration.
• Long-term antibiotic therapy was administered post-surgery.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering actinomycosis in refractory or atypical sinus infections.
• A multidisciplinary approach combining surgery and prolonged antibiotics can be effective.
• Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for successful management and preventing recurrence.