Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

63.5K
In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
63.5K
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

288
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
288
Menopause01:28

Menopause

146
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
146
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

1.1K
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
1.1K
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

441
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
441
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

336
The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
336

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The polystyrene beads sign: a simple MRI marker for the preoperative diagnosis of papillary hypothalamic craniopharyngiomas.

European journal of endocrinology·2026
Same author

Vascular risk at menopause: The importance of a cardio-gynecological program.

Maturitas·2026
Same author

Consensus-based management of endometriosis-associated pelvic pain: Results of a French Delphi study.

Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction·2026
Same author

How has genetics changed the diagnosis and the management of differences of sex development?

Annales d'endocrinologie·2026
Same author

Impact of physical activity on frozen embryo transfer outcomes.

Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction·2026
Same author

The emergence of multiple testicular cell lineages in human stem cell-derived testis-like organoids.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same journal

Accidental hypothermia.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Accidental hypothermia.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Primary aldosteronism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Primary aldosteronism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Buruli ulcer in Africa: between innovation and pragmatism.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
Same journal

Author Correction: Atopic dermatitis.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation
05:42

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Published on: October 25, 2024

1.1K

Premature ovarian insufficiency.

Philippe Touraine1,2, Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet3,4, Genevieve Plu-Bureau5,6

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université Médecine, Paris, France. philippe.touraine@aphp.fr.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|September 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1 in 100 women before age 40. Genetic research is crucial for understanding and treating this cause of infertility and endocrine dysfunction.

More Related Videos

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

4.5K
OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
05:31

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation
05:42

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Published on: October 25, 2024

1.1K
Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

4.5K
OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery
05:31

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

Published on: May 9, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Infertility Research

Background:

  • Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by loss of ovarian function before age 40, leading to infertility and endocrine dysfunction.
  • POI presents clinically with amenorrhea and elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels.
  • Causes include medical interventions, genetic factors, autoimmune diseases, and chromosomal anomalies, affecting at least 1 in 100 women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the genetic basis of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).
  • To emphasize the importance of genetic diagnosis in identifying familial POI and enabling oocyte preservation.
  • To underscore the role of genetic research in elucidating disease mechanisms for improved treatment development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current evidence on the genetic underpinnings of POI.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches utilizing genetic testing.
  • Discussion of advancements in understanding POI-associated genes over the past decade.

Main Results:

  • Substantial evidence points to a significant genetic contribution to POI.
  • Genetic approaches are vital for diagnosing familial cases and facilitating fertility preservation options.
  • Discovering gene variants is key to understanding idiopathic POI, which remains unexplained in many patients.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors play a critical role in the etiology of premature ovarian insufficiency.
  • Genetic diagnosis offers pathways for early identification, family planning, and potential fertility preservation.
  • Continued genetic research is essential for advancing the understanding and treatment of POI.