Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factorial Design02:01

Factorial Design

13.0K
Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...
13.0K
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

6.0K
The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
6.0K
Accuracy, limits, and approximation01:28

Accuracy, limits, and approximation

445
Accuracy, limits, and approximations are common in many fields, especially in engineering calculations. These concepts are imperative for ensuring that a given value is as close as possible to its true value.
Accuracy is defined as the closeness of the measured value to the true or actual value. In engineering mechanics, repeated measurements are taken during theoretical or experimental analyses to ensure that the result is precise and accurate.
The accuracy of any solution is based on the...
445
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

86
Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
86

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From sudden perceptual learning to enduring engrams: a representational perspective.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2026
Same author

The Effect of Sex and Gender-Role on Social Attention: Investigating the Association With Social Skills and Academic Preferences.

International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie·2026
Same author

Prisoners of the Body: The Link Between Interoception and Sleep Paralysis.

Journal of sleep research·2026
Same author

Brain-First vs. Body-First Models in Neurodegenerative Disease: A Perspective Review.

NeuroSci·2026
Same author

Attention and vigilance advantages related to formal musical training across childhood, adolescence and young adulthood.

British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)·2026
Same author

Determinants of visual ambiguity resolution.

Communications psychology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K

Exploring the spatial interference effects elicited by social and non-social targets: A conditional accuracy function

Renato Ponce1,2, Juan Lupiáñez2, Carlos González-García2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
|September 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Arrows show standard congruency effects, while gaze targets exhibit reversed congruency effects. This dissociation suggests social stimuli processing differs from non-social stimuli during early visual processing stages.

Keywords:
conditional accuracy functiondistributional analysisgaze versus arrowssocial attentionspatial interference effect

More Related Videos

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

10.8K
Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

9.9K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

10.8K
Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Spatial interference paradigms reveal differing congruency effects for gaze versus arrow targets.
  • Arrows typically yield standard congruency effects (SCE), while gaze targets often show reversed congruency effects (RCE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dissociation in congruency effects between social (gaze) and non-social (arrow) targets.
  • To analyze accuracy across reaction time distributions using Conditional Accuracy Functions (CAF).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized data from 11 studies using hierarchical linear mixed modeling.
  • Compared cropped eyes and full faces (social stimuli) against arrows (non-social stimuli).
  • Employed the spatial interference paradigm and Conditional Accuracy Function (CAF) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Non-social targets showed decreased accuracy for incongruent trials early on, with stable accuracy for congruent trials.
  • Social targets displayed reduced accuracy in both conditions for fastest responses.
  • Congruent social trials had even lower accuracy than incongruent trials within the fastest response bins.

Conclusions:

  • The reversed congruency effect for gaze targets suggests additional social information processing occurs early.
  • Gaze targets involve more complex processing than simple location-based capture seen with arrows.
  • Findings highlight distinct processing pathways for social versus non-social visual stimuli.