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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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A Novel 4-Fluorophenyl Isocyanate Additive Constructing Solid Cathodes-Electrolyte Interface for High-Performance

Jinfeng Zheng1, Yu Qiu1, Shengnan Liao1

  • 1School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A new electrolyte additive, 4-fluorobenzene isocyanate (4-FBC), creates a stable cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) for lithium-ion batteries. This enhances performance and durability in layered metal oxide cathodes.

Keywords:
4‐fluorophenyl isocyanatecathode materialscathode‐electrolyte interfaceelectrolyte additivelithium‐ion batteries

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Stable cathode-electrolyte interfaces (CEI) are critical for high-performance layered metal oxide cathodes (NCM).
  • Degradation of the CEI leads to reduced battery performance and lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrolyte additive for enhancing the CEI stability in NCM cathodes.
  • To investigate the impact of the additive on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of 4-fluorobenzene isocyanate (4-FBC) as an electrolyte additive.
  • Fabrication and electrochemical testing of NCM523/SiO@Graphite pouch full cells with and without 4-FBC.
  • Analysis of the CEI film composition and morphology.

Main Results:

  • 4-FBC forms a robust, homogeneous, N-rich CEI film with a benzene ring skeleton on the cathode surface.
  • Cells with 1% 4-FBC additive showed significantly improved capacity retention (81.3% after 200 cycles) compared to control cells (39.1%).
  • The additive mitigated electrolyte decomposition and transition metal ion dissolution.

Conclusions:

  • 4-FBC is an effective electrolyte additive for improving the stability and performance of NCM cathodes.
  • This strategy demonstrates universality for high-voltage and Ni-rich cathode materials.
  • The findings support the practical application of high energy density lithium-ion batteries.