Results and implications for generative AI in a large introductory biomedical and health informatics course

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems have performed well at many biomedical tasks, but few studies have assessed their performance directly compared to students in higher-education courses. We compared student knowledge-assessment scores with prompting of 6 large-language model (LLM) systems as they would be used by typical students in a large online introductory course in biomedical and health informatics that is taken by graduate, continuing education, and medical students. The state-of-the-art LLM systems were prompted to answer multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and final exam questions. We compared the scores for 139 students (30 graduate students, 85 continuing education students, and 24 medical students) to the LLM systems. All of the LLMs scored between the 50^th and 75^th percentiles of students for MCQ and final exam questions. The performance of LLMs raises questions about student assessment in higher education, especially in courses that are knowledge-based and online.