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Free-Running Cardiac and Respiratory Motion-Resolved Imaging: A Paradigm Shift for Managing Motion in Cardiac MRI?
Robert J Holtackers1,2,3, Matthias Stuber1,4
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Rue de Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 14, 2024
Summary
Free-running cardiac MRI offers efficient 5D whole-heart imaging without ECG or breath-holds. This self-gated approach simplifies scan planning and motion management for broader accessibility.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Imaging
- Medical Physics
- Radiology
Background:
- Cardiac MRI (CMR) provides detailed non-invasive assessment of heart structure and function.
- Traditional CMR is limited by long scan times, complex planning, and motion artifacts.
- Current limitations hinder widespread clinical adoption and accessibility of CMR.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the free-running framework for cardiac MRI.
- To detail its history, underlying concepts, and recent advancements.
- To explore its clinical applications and potential impact on CMR accessibility.
Main Methods:
- Free-running MRI acquires data continuously without ECG gating or respiratory breath-holds.
- A fully self-gated approach extracts cardiac and respiratory signals from acquired data.
- Enables 5D whole-heart imaging with efficient spatiotemporal coverage.
Main Results:
- Free-running MRI significantly reduces scan time and complexity compared to traditional methods.
- Eliminates the need for ECG, respiratory navigators, and breath-holding.
- Facilitates comprehensive whole-heart coverage and robust motion compensation.
Conclusions:
- The free-running framework represents a significant innovation in cardiac MRI.
- It enhances efficiency, accessibility, and patient comfort.
- Potential to broaden the clinical utility and adoption of cardiac MRI.

