Osteoarthritis in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis (OA), is a common synovial condition observed in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on the quality of life of MS individuals, there is a gap in the current literature regarding the prevalence of OA in this population and its relation to MS pathology. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of OA in the MS population and explore potential associations with demographic and MS-specific characteristics. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of the MEDLINE PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Results: Fifteen studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The aggregated prevalence of OA in the MS population was 27% (95% CI: 15-40%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 99.9%). Sensitivity analysis, excluding one study, showed a prevalence of 21% (95% CI: 16-28%). The risk ratio of OA in MS versus controls was 1.07 (95% CI: 0.84-1.37), indicating no significant difference. Meta-regression revealed no associations between OA prevalence and age or disease duration in MS patients. Conclusions: This study reports a 21-27% prevalence of OA in people with MS. Understanding the implications of OA in pain and mobility domains, as well as the challenges in distinguishing OA symptoms from MS manifestations, underscores the need for further research to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms and interactions between these conditions. Additional studies are warranted to enhance clinical management and improve outcomes for individuals with MS and co-existing OA.