Current applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing in pediatric dentistry: a literature review

Advancements in 3D printing technology are providing a new direction in pediatric dentistry by offering innovative solutions to traditional challenges. The remarkable expansion of 3D printing necessitates a comprehensive examination of its status and applications in the dental field, particularly in the pediatric dentistry. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the applications of 3D printing in pediatric dental practices by drawing from a systematic search across databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo and the Cochrane Library. The search strategy employed a combination of keywords: "Digital dentistry and 3D printing", "3D printing technology in dentistry", "3D printing in pediatric dentistry" and "3D printing in pediatric dental procedures". The review encompasses a wide array of studies, including original research, cross-sectional analyses, case reports and reviews. A detailed overview is presented in regard to the use of 3D printing for master and educational models, space maintainers, prosthetic restorations, surgical guide, splint design and fracture treatment, fluoride application, autogenous dental transplantation, anterior teeth restoration, and pediatric endodontics and regenerative treatments. This review shows that 3D printing improves clinical outcomes through personalized and precise treatment options and enhances dental students' educational landscape. Areas lacking extensive research were also identified, which warrent further investigation to optimize the integration of 3D printing in pediatric dentistry. By mapping out the current landscape and future directions, the aim of this paper is to support pediatric dentists in recognizing the broad implications of 3D printing for improving patient care and advancing dental education.