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Related Concept Videos

Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

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The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging
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Structure-function coupling in highly sampled individual brains.

Aishwarya Rajesh1, Nicole A Seider2, Dillan J Newbold3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|September 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain structural connectivity (SC) supports functional connectivity (FC). This study found SC-FC coupling in visual, motor, and cingulate regions, challenging a simple unimodal-heteromodal gradient model.

Keywords:
dense samplingdiffusion imagingfunctional imagingindividualstructure–function coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Connectomics
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Brain function relies on large-scale networks supported by structural connectivity (SC).
  • Understanding how SC enables functional connectivity (FC) is crucial for interpreting brain function and behavioral alterations after injury.
  • Previous studies suggested a unimodal-heteromodal gradient in SC-FC coupling using group-averaged data, overlooking individual variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between structural and functional brain connectivity within individual participants.
  • To determine if a unimodal-heteromodal gradient adequately explains SC-FC coupling across different brain regions.
  • To account for inter-individual variability in cortical areas and white matter tracts.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of high-resolution diffusion-weighted MRI for SC and resting-state fMRI for FC in three healthy participants.
  • Extensive data collection per participant (78 min for SC, 360 min for FC).
  • Analysis of SC-FC correspondence at the individual level to capture unique brain organization.

Main Results:

  • Structural connectivity (SC) strongly predicted functional connectivity (FC) in visual, motor, and anterior-posterior cingulate regions.
  • The previously proposed unimodal-to-heteromodal gradient did not fully explain the observed SC-FC coupling patterns.
  • SC-FC coupling in the anterior-posterior cingulate circuit resembled that of unimodal areas more than heteromodal association areas.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between SC and FC is complex and not solely explained by a unimodal-heteromodal gradient.
  • The anterior-posterior cingulate cortex exhibits SC-FC coupling characteristics similar to primary sensory/motor areas.
  • Individual-level analysis is essential for accurately characterizing SC-FC relationships and brain network organization.