Assessing Bronchiectasis Progression in Low-dose Screening for Lung Cancer: Frequency and Predictors

Area of Science:

• Pulmonology
• Radiology
• Medical Screening

Background:

• Bronchiectasis is linked to reduced lung function and increased mortality in cardiopulmonary diseases.
• Early detection and understanding progression are crucial for managing this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the frequency of bronchiectasis progression or new development in participants of low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening programs.
• To identify predictors of bronchiectasis progression in this cohort.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of a prospectively enrolled cohort from the Early Lung and Cardiac Action Program (ELCAP) between 2010-2019.
• Review of baseline and follow-up low-dose CT scans (5+ years) and medical records.
• Logistic and multivariate regression analyses to identify associated factors.

Main Results:

• Of 534 participants with 5+ years follow-up, 6.4% showed progressed or newly developed bronchiectasis.
• Significant predictors included age, pack-years of smoking, and ELCAP Bronchiectasis Score components (bronchial dilatation severity/extent, wall thickening, mucoid impaction).

Conclusions:

• Approximately 136 of 2182 participants are expected to progress based on observed rates.
• Bronchiectasis should be reported in smokers due to their increased risk.
• Continued assessment during low-dose CT screening can enable early detection and intervention.