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In Humans, Insulo-striate Structural Connectivity is Largely Biased Toward Either Striosome-like or Matrix-like

Adrian T Funk1, Asim Ao Hassan2, Jeff L Waugh1,3

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.

Neuroscience Insights
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study maps brain connections between insular subregions and striatal compartments (striosome and matrix) in healthy adults. Findings reveal distinct connectivity patterns, suggesting a basis for functional specialization within the insula.

Keywords:
Insulaclassification targets tractographymatrixprobabilistic diffusion tractographystriatumstriosome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Brain Anatomy
  • Connectomics

Background:

  • The insula plays a key role in sensory, motor, limbic, and executive functions, with dysfunction linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Insulo-striate projections are numerous and target distinct striatal compartments: striosome and matrix, which differ in origin, connectivity, and function.
  • Previous mapping of insulo-striate structural connectivity for specific compartments has been limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map and quantify structural connectivity between 19 insular subregions and the striatal striosome and matrix compartments in 100 healthy adults.
  • To identify compartment-specific projection biases from different insular subregions.
  • To investigate the anatomical basis for functional specialization within the insula.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tractography was used to analyze structural connectivity in 100 healthy adults.
  • Connectivity was mapped between 19 defined insular subregions and striatal striosome-like and matrix-like voxels.
  • Streamline density and distribution were quantified to determine projection biases.

Main Results:

  • Insulo-striate streamlines targeting striosome and matrix compartments originated from distinct insular zones and followed different pathways.
  • 16 out of 19 insular subregions showed significant bias towards either the striosome (7 subregions) or matrix (9 subregions) compartment.
  • Striosome-favoring bundles exhibited higher streamline density, particularly from rostroventral insular subregions.
  • Connectivity biases were consistent across both brain hemispheres.

Conclusions:

  • The study identified specific anatomical substrates for functional specialization within the insula based on segregated insulo-striate connectivity to striatal compartments.
  • These findings provide a detailed map of insulo-striate structural connectivity, highlighting compartment-specific projections.
  • The identified biases in structural connectivity align with previous findings using other methods, reinforcing their significance.