Comprehensive Clinical Characterization of Patients Diagnosed With Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background The term "cardiomyopathy" encompasses a wide range of diseases with various underlying causes. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired cardiac function in the absence of congenital, valvular, hypertensive, or ischemic heart disease (IHD). This study was motivated by the high prevalence of underlying DCM and chronic heart failure, coupled with a lack of comprehensive information on DCM. The primary objective of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and contributing factors associated with individuals diagnosed with DCM. Methods A total of 120 patients with DCM were enrolled in a two-year, hospital-based observational cross-sectional study conducted within the Medicine Department of a tertiary care center. The study assessed risk factors, including IHD, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Results DCM was observed across all age groups, though it was notably more prevalent among middle-aged individuals (n = 50, or 41.7%) and the elderly (n = 35, or 37.5%). The condition was more commonly seen in men. IHD emerged as the predominant risk factor, affecting 75% of patients (n = 90), followed by diabetes mellitus (n = 85, or 70.8%), alcohol use (n = 75, or 62.5%), and smoking (n = 50, or 41.7%). Common symptoms included pedal edema, palpitations, easy fatigability, and exertional dyspnea. Conclusion In conclusion, DCM is a critical condition that necessitates vigilant monitoring. Consistent observation of symptoms, recognition of potential triggers, and prompt identification of adverse drug reactions, electrolyte disturbances, and echocardiographic changes are essential. This awareness and early detection were responsible for the lower mortality and early symptom improvement observed in the present study group.