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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Ionic Strength: Overview01:12

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The ionic strength of a solution is a quantitative way of expressing the total electrolyte concentration of a solution. This concept was first introduced in 1921 by two American physical chemists, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, while describing the activity coefficient of strong electrolytes. During the calculation of ionic strength (I or μ), all the cations and anions are considered. However, the concentration (c) of an ion with a greater charge number (z) has a greater contribution...
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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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A Super-Ionic Solid-State Block Copolymer Electrolyte.

Daniel T Krause1, Beate Förster2, Martin Dulle3

  • 1Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, Münster, Germany.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Super-stoichiometric addition of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) to poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers creates crystalline phases with high ion conductivity. This breakthrough enables advanced solid polymer electrolytes for safer, high-energy batteries.

Keywords:
block copolymer electrolytesblock copolymerspolyethylene oxide (PEO)solid‐state electrolytessuper‐ionic conductors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Polymer solid-state electrolytes are promising for high-energy-density batteries due to safety and stability.
  • Low ion conductivity in these materials has hindered their practical application.
  • Developing electrolytes with high ionic conductivity is crucial for next-generation battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of super-stoichiometric lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) addition on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block copolymer electrolytes.
  • To achieve high ionic conductivities and low activation energies in solid polymer electrolytes.
  • To explore novel morphologies and conduction pathways in PEO-based electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of PEO block copolymers with varying LiTFSI concentrations.
  • Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to measure ionic conductivity and activation energy.
  • Microscopy techniques to analyze block copolymer morphologies and phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • Super-stoichiometric LiTFSI addition induced crystalline PEO block copolymer phases.
  • Formation of bi-continuous Fddd and gyroid network morphologies facilitated 3D ion conduction pathways.
  • Achieved ionic conductivities up to 1 x 10^-1 S cm^-1 at 90°C, with moderate conductivity at room temperature (4 x 10^-2 S cm^-1) and low temperatures (>1 x 10^-3 S cm^-1 at -20°C).
  • Observed low activation energies as low as 0.19 eV.
  • Co-crystallization of PEO and LiTFSI with solvents was identified as key to super-ionic conduction.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates a new pathway to achieve super-ionic conductivity in PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes.
  • High lithium salt concentrations and resulting crystalline phases are critical for enhanced ionic transport.
  • These findings pave the way for fabricating advanced solid polymer electrolytes with broad-temperature performance for electrical devices.