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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Measuring Sensitivity to Viewpoint Change with and without Stereoscopic Cues
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In the Mind's Eye: Exploring the Relationship Between Visual Mental Imagery and Stereotyping.

Benjamin E Eisenstadt1,2, Alfredo Spagna3, Steven J Stroessner4

  • 1Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.

Personality and Social Psychology Review : an Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc
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Social stereotypes influence visual mental imagery (VMI), impacting prejudice. This research bridges social cognition and cognitive neuroscience to explore VMI

Keywords:
group processesimplicit biasintergroup relationsperson perceptionprejudice/stereotypingsocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visual mental imagery (VMI) is theorized to create and maintain stereotypes.
  • Social cognition research is beginning to explore the causal role of mental images in stereotyping.
  • Cognitive neuroscience has largely overlooked how stereotypes affect VMI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development of VMI research in social cognition and cognitive neuroscience.
  • To discuss recent advances at the intersection of stereotyping and VMI.
  • To propose future research directions for integrating these fields.

Main Methods:

  • Historical overview of VMI research.
  • Synthesis of recent interdisciplinary findings.
  • Identification of research gaps and opportunities.

Main Results:

  • Limited prior research explicitly connecting VMI and stereotyping.
  • Emerging research highlights the interplay between mental imagery and social stereotypes.
  • Significant potential for integrating cognitive neuroscience and social psychology approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Bridging the gap between social cognition and cognitive neuroscience is crucial for understanding VMI's role in stereotyping.
  • Future research should investigate how mental images are used in stereotyping and how VMI can alter stereotypes.
  • Further integration promises deeper insights into prejudice formation and modification.