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Related Concept Videos

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

36
Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
36
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models

83
Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
83
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

64
Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
64
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance

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Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion,...
34
Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

618
Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
618
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

50
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
50

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Related Experiment Video

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An Efficient Single—Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice
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A tutorial on physiologically based pharmacokinetic approaches in lactation research.

Amita Pansari1, Xian Pan1, Lisa M Almond1

  • 1Certara Predictive Technologies Division, Sheffield, UK.

CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology
|September 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling helps predict drug transfer into breast milk, aiding safe medication use for breastfeeding mothers and infants. This approach supports clinical decisions when direct lactation data is limited.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism
  • Lactation Physiology
  • Pediatric Pharmacology

Background:

  • Managing medical conditions in breastfeeding mothers requires careful consideration of medication transfer into breast milk.
  • Infant exposure to drugs via breast milk is a critical factor in assessing safety and efficacy.
  • Predictive modeling is essential for evaluating drug safety during lactation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling in lactation research.
  • To explain key concepts, prediction approaches, and best practices for PBPK model development and application.
  • To demonstrate the utility of PBPK modeling for predicting drug exposure and supporting clinical scenarios in breastfeeding mothers.

Main Methods:

  • Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to predict drug exposure in lactating individuals and infants.
  • Analysis of milk composition dynamics and their impact on drug transfer.
  • Development and application of prediction algorithms for Milk-to-Plasma (M/P) ratios within a PBPK framework.

Main Results:

  • PBPK modeling effectively predicts drug exposure in infants via breast milk.
  • Milk composition influences drug transfer dynamics, which can be incorporated into PBPK models.
  • Prediction algorithms enhance the utility of existing lactation data for untested scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • PBPK modeling is a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians managing medications in breastfeeding mothers.
  • This approach supports clinical decision-making by predicting infant drug exposure, especially when clinical data is scarce.
  • Advances in PBPK modeling and lactation research will further elucidate drug transfer during lactation.