Multimodality Structural and Functional Monitoring in Brain Tumor Surgery: The Role of IONM and IOUS

Brain tumor surgery represents the pinnacle of technical and technological advances in the neurosurgery. The goal remains optimized extent of resection with preservation of neurological function. The benefit of a multimodal structural and functional intra-operative monitoring approach is to improve the ability of the surgeon to achieve the goal of optimized surgical resection. Despite significant technological advances, challenges in defining tumor and functional neural tissue interface remain a significant barrier. The opportunity to address this challenge, however, presents us with an exciting path ahead.