Subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mitochondria following weight loss

Obesity is a major global health issue with various metabolic complications. Both bariatric surgery and dieting achieve weight loss and improve whole-body metabolism, but vary in their ability to maintain these improvements over time. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle metabolism are crucial in weight regulation, and obesity is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in both tissues. The impact of bariatric surgery versus dieting on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism remains to be elucidated. Understanding the molecular pathways that modulate tissue metabolism following weight loss holds potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets in obesity management. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on mitochondrial metabolism following bariatric surgery and diet-induced weight loss in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, and sheds light on their respective effects.