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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Zehan Pang1, Ao Tang1, Yujie He1

  • 1College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.

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Summary

SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause significant neurological complications affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. This review details these conditions, their mechanisms, and management strategies for COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2central nervous systemlong-COVID-19neurological disordersperipheral nervous system

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is known to cause respiratory illness but also presents with a wide range of neurological complications.
  • Over 30% of patients with COVID-19 experience neurological symptoms, indicating a significant impact beyond the respiratory system.
  • Emerging evidence confirms SARS-CoV-2 can affect both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the central nervous system (CNS) complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To describe peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders linked to SARS-CoV-2.
  • To discuss the mechanisms driving these neurological disorders and provide an overview of long-COVID-19 symptoms and management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on SARS-CoV-2 and neurological complications.
  • Synthesis of findings on CNS and PNS disorders caused by the virus.
  • Discussion of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic recommendations.

Main Results:

  • CNS complications include encephalopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and delirium.
  • PNS disorders encompass skeletal muscle damage, anosmia, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, ICU-acquired weakness, and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.
  • Mechanisms involve viral entry into the brain, cytokine storms, cerebral ischemia, and hypoxia.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a significant threat to neurological health, affecting both CNS and PNS.
  • Understanding the mechanisms is crucial for developing effective care and therapeutic strategies.
  • Comprehensive management is needed for COVID-19 patients experiencing neurological sequelae, including long-COVID-19 symptoms.