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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Published on: June 23, 2018

Digital Image Sensor Evolution and New Frontiers.

Eric R Fossum¹, Nobukazu Teranishi², Albert J P Theuwissen^3,4

¹Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA;

Annual Review of Vision Science

|September 18, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers 60 years of solid-state image sensor evolution, from early devices to modern complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensors. It also explores future advancements like 3D stacking and photon-counting technologies.

Keywords:

CCD CIS CMOS image sensor QIS charge-coupled device complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensor image sensor photon-counting image sensor quanta image sensor

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Area of Science:

Solid-state physics
Electrical engineering
Materials science

Background:

The evolution of solid-state image sensors spans nearly six decades.
Early image sensors paved the way for current technologies.
Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensors represent key milestones.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of the historical development of solid-state image sensors.
To identify and discuss emerging technologies and future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

Historical literature review and analysis of key technological advancements.
Discussion of evolutionary trends in image sensor design and performance.
Exploration of potential future frontiers based on current research.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of the progression from early solid-state sensors to ubiquitous CMOS sensors.
Identification of significant innovations and breakthroughs throughout the evolutionary chain.
Summary of promising new frontiers, including 3D stacked and photon-counting technologies.

Conclusions:

Solid-state image sensor technology has undergone remarkable evolution over 60 years.
Emerging technologies like 3D stacking and photon counting are poised to define the next generation of image sensors.
Continued innovation is expected to drive further advancements in imaging capabilities.