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Updated: Jun 12, 2025
Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart
Published on: August 23, 2018
Senescent CD4+ T-Cell Phenotypes and Inflammatory Milieu in the Coronary and Systemic Circulation in ST-Elevation
Fernanda Bocanegra-Zamora1, Fernanda Espinosa-Bautista1,2, Gian M Jiménez-Rodríguez3
1Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
Introduction:
In ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), inflammation is pivotal, with early senescent CD4+CD28null cells implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the functional phenotype of these cells within the coronary circulation remains unclear.
Methods:
We examined CD4+ cell subpopulations in blood samples from the coronary sinus and vena cava of 24 STEMI patients and the cephalic vein of seven healthy controls.
Results:
Our findings revealed reduced CD4+ cell counts in STEMI patients compared to controls (1,998, 1,275-3,268 vs. 4,278, 3,595-4,449), alongside an increased proportion of CD4+ cells lacking CD28 expression (20.1 vs. 6.1%). These CD4+CD28null cells in STEMI predominantly exhibited a Th1 phenotype (47.8% vs. 6.6%). Intriguingly, no significant differences were detected in CD4+CD28null cells between coronary sinus and vena cava, and cytokine levels in these compartments remained similar.
Conclusion:
CD4+CD28null cells are increased in STEMI, mainly polarized toward a Th1 phenotype, and distributed equally between the different vascular beds.
