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Pediatric dermatophyte onychomycosis: a review.

Aditya K Gupta^1,2, Daniel Taylor²

¹Division of Dermatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

International Journal of Dermatology

|September 19, 2024

Summary

Pediatric onychomycosis (fungal nail infection) affects 0.33% of children globally. While systemic antifungals show promise, topical treatments are also effective, with prevention focusing on hygiene.

Keywords:

children onychomycosis pediatric prevalence prevention tinea unguium treatment

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Mycology
Pediatrics

Background:

Pediatric onychomycosis is a growing concern worldwide.
Understanding its epidemiology and treatment is crucial for child health.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the epidemiological impact of pediatric onychomycosis.
To review current antifungal treatment options and prevention strategies.
To highlight special considerations for at-risk pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of epidemiological studies on pediatric onychomycosis prevalence.
Systematic review of clinical trials on antifungal efficacy in children.
Analysis of treatment outcomes for systemic and topical antifungal agents.

Main Results:

Worldwide prevalence of culture-confirmed pediatric toenail onychomycosis is 0.33%.
Systemic itraconazole and terbinafine show high cure rates but are based on limited, older data.
Topical antifungals have slightly lower cure rates but larger study sample sizes.

Conclusions:

While prevalence data show no significant increase, pediatric onychomycosis requires attention.
Systemic antifungals offer high efficacy, but topical options are viable alternatives.
Preventive measures and early treatment are key, especially for immunocompromised children.