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Wei Zhao1,2, Yan Zhang1,2, Qingsong Liu1,2

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This study enhances all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) for electric aircraft by designing a short-chain cathode. This innovation improves low-temperature performance and capacity, crucial for high-altitude flights.

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All-solid-state Li−S batterieshigh cathode utilizationlow temperaturereaction kineticshort-chain molecule

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) offer high energy density and safety, making them ideal for electric aircraft.
  • Low-temperature performance limitations, specifically reduced practical capacity at high altitudes, hinder ASSLSB application in aviation.
  • The multi-step endothermic conversion reaction is identified as the key bottleneck for low-temperature sulfur utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the low-temperature performance issues in ASSLSBs for electric aircraft.
  • To enhance sulfur utilization and discharge capacity at low temperatures.
  • To improve the cycling stability and overall electrochemical reversibility of ASSLSBs under demanding conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a novel short-chain molecule cathode by introducing multi-chalcogen to modulate local entropy.
  • Engineered the cathode to shorten sulfur reduction pathways and optimize lithiation lattice.
  • Investigated the impact of cathode design on reaction kinetics and energy barriers.

Main Results:

  • The designed short-chain cathode demonstrated high cathode utilization (99.4%) and excellent cycling stability (92.2% retention over 400 cycles) at room temperature.
  • Exceptional low-temperature discharge capacity (579.6 mAh g⁻¹ at -40°C) and cycling performance (98.4% retention over 100 cycles at -20°C) were achieved.
  • The modified cathode structure significantly reduced decomposition energy barriers, enhancing low-temperature charge/discharge reversibility.

Conclusions:

  • The developed short-chain cathode effectively overcomes the low-temperature sulfur utilization constraints in ASSLSBs.
  • This breakthrough offers a promising solution for reliable electric aircraft propulsion systems operating at various altitudes and temperatures.
  • The study opens new avenues for advancing low-temperature ASSLSB technology for demanding applications.