Vacuum-Deposited Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells

Bifacial perovskite solar cells (Bi-PSCs) require thick perovskite layers to sufficiently absorb higher wavelength light. Also, it is critical to know which electrode (top or bottom) can more efficiently harvest the direct incident solar irradiance. Here, fully vacuum-deposited Bi-PSCs are reported with perovskite layer thicknesses ranging from ∼720 nm to 1.3 μm. With an optimized ITO top-electrode, the Bi-PSCs generated higher current density under top-illumination by >1 mA/cm², attaining the highest value of 24.98 mA/cm². The best Bi-PSC exhibited an efficiency of 19.6% under top-illumination and 18.71% under bottom-illumination, resulting in a high bifaciality factor of ∼0.95. Furthermore, even after employing cover glass encapsulation on the top-electrode, the Bi-PSCs still produced higher current density from top-illumination. Upon bifacial illumination using simulated 1-Sun light as the main illumination and a white LED light albedo of ∼0.21, the champion Bi-PSC demonstrated a current density value of ∼30.00 mA/cm².