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    Improving community health factors like insurance, broadband, and income can help reduce suicide rates. These upstream interventions are crucial for suicide prevention, especially in disproportionately affected populations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Sociology

    Background:

    • Suicide remains a significant public health concern in the US, with approximately 49,000 deaths in 2022.
    • A comprehensive approach to suicide prevention requires understanding community-level risk and protective factors, particularly for disproportionately affected groups.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the association between county-level socioeconomic and health-related factors and suicide rates in the United States.
    • To identify community-level factors that may mitigate suicide risk, especially among vulnerable populations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized data from the 2022 National Vital Statistics System for suicide deaths.
    • Analyzed county-level data on health insurance coverage, broadband access, and household income.
    • Calculated and presented suicide rates by tertiles of these factors, stratified by race/ethnicity, sex, age, and urbanicity.

    Main Results:

    • The overall suicide rate was 14.2 per 100,000 population in 2022.
    • Suicide rates were highest among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons (27.1), males (23.0), and rural residents (20.0).
    • Counties with higher health insurance coverage, broadband access, and income showed lower average suicide rates (13.0-13.5 per 100,000).
    • These factors were strongly associated with reduced suicide rates in American Indian/Alaska Native populations, with rates in the highest tertile being half those in the lowest.

    Conclusions:

    • Higher community levels of health insurance, broadband access, and income may be associated with reduced suicide rates.
    • Implementing upstream programs, policies, and practices can support community-based suicide prevention efforts.
    • Addressing community-specific needs through collaborative efforts is vital for saving lives and reducing suicide.