Indole N-Linked Hydroperoxyl Adduct of Protein-Derived Cofactor Modulating Catalase-Peroxidase Functions

Bifunctional catalase-peroxidase (KatG) features a posttranslational methionine-tyrosine-tryptophan (MYW) crosslinked cofactor crucial for its catalase function, enabling pathogens to neutralize hydrogen peroxide during infection. We discovered the presence of indole nitrogen-linked hydroperoxyl adduct (MYW-OOH) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis KatG in the solution state under ambient conditions, suggesting its natural occurrence. By isolating predominantly MYW-OOH-containing KatG protein, we investigated the chemical stability and functional impact of MYW-OOH. We discovered that MYW-OOH inhibits catalase activity, presenting a unique temporary lock. Exposure to peroxide or increased temperature removes the hydroperoxyl adduct from the protein cofactor, converting MYW-OOH to MYW and restoring the detoxifying ability of the enzyme against hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the N-linked hydroperoxyl group is releasable. KatG with MYW-OOH represents a catalase dormant, but primed, state of the enzyme. These findings provide insight into chemical strategies targeting the bifunctional enzyme KatG in pathogens, highlighting the role of N-linked hydroperoxyl modifications in enzymatic function.