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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Modified Technique for the Use of Neonatal Murine Hearts in the Langendorff Preparation
08:23

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Published on: March 4, 2022

Kenneth Keown (1917-1985): Innovator in Early Cardiac Anesthesiology.

Janette D McVey1, Julie M Marshall1, Quinn L Johnson1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA.

Cureus
|September 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Dr. Kenneth Keown pioneered cardiac anesthesia techniques, enabling complex heart surgeries. His foundational work in cardiac anesthesiology and research advanced modern cardiac surgical procedures.

Keywords:
cardiac anesthesiologycardiac arrhythmiahistorical vignetteintraoperative hypothermiamitral valve commissurotomy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Anesthesiology
  • Medical History

Background:

  • Dr. Kenneth Keown was a pioneering anesthesiologist.
  • His work laid the groundwork for modern cardiac surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight Dr. Keown's significant contributions to cardiac anesthesiology.
  • To recognize his impact on the development of intracardiac surgical procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Dr. Keown's early protocols and educational outreach.
  • Examination of his research in hypothermia and lidocaine as an antiarrhythmic.
  • Assessment of his advocacy for anesthesiology as a specialty.

Main Results:

  • Developed safe techniques for cardiac anesthesia.
  • Established successful protocols that facilitated complex heart surgeries.
  • Made significant contributions to research on hypothermia and antiarrhythmic drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Dr. Keown's innovations were crucial for the advancement of cardiac surgery.
  • His legacy as a leader in cardiac anesthesiology is profound.
  • His work enabled safer and more complex intracardiac procedures.