Cardiopulmonary Complications of Klippel-Feil Syndrome: A Case Report

Klippel-Feil syndrome is characterized by the congenital synostosis of multiple cervical vertebrae and commonly presents with a multitude of congenital abnormalities, mainly including cardiac and respiratory defects. We present the case of a 39-year-old male with a prolonged history of cardiopulmonary symptoms whose investigations revealed restrictive lung disease, ventricular trigeminy and bigeminy, cervical vertebrae fusion, thoracic lumbar scoliosis, and mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension, all consistent with a diagnosis of Klippel-Feil syndrome. His management focused on preventing the progression of these findings while minimizing the effects of his extrinsic pulmonary restriction. Given the lack of guidelines in the management of such patients, this report highlights the role of early diagnosis and adequate management of such patients to reduce its progression and prevent the development of complications.