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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring ShiDuGao's Multi-Target Approach in Anus Eczema Treatment
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Author Spotlight: Exploring ShiDuGao's Multi-Target Approach in Anus Eczema Treatment

Published on: January 12, 2024

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What is "eczema"?

Yoshiki Tokura1,2, Marina Yunoki1, Shumpei Kondo1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Skin Oncology, Chutoen General Medical Center, Kakegawa, Japan.

The Journal of Dermatology
|September 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eczema, a common inflammatory skin condition, presents with distinct features like itch and varied skin lesions. Research explores its cellular mechanisms and links to other health issues.

Keywords:
T celleczema trianglehistoryhyperpigmentationinnate lymphoid cell

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Eczema is a prevalent inflammatory skin disorder frequently encountered in clinical practice.
  • It is characterized by itch, multiple pinpoint lesions, and polymorphism, encompassing various skin manifestations.
  • Understanding eczema's pathophysiology is crucial for managing this common condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the morphological and cellular characteristics of eczema.
  • To explore the immunological underpinnings of acute and chronic eczema.
  • To investigate the comorbidities associated with eczematous diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of morphological features including erythema, papules, vesicles, and lichenification.
  • Analysis of cellular processes like spongiosis, hyaluronic acid production, and immune cell infiltration (Th1/Tc1, Th2/Tc2, Th17, Th22, Tc22, innate lymphoid cells).
  • Examination of molecular contributors to chronic eczema, such as periostin and melanogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Acute eczema involves spongiosis, altered hyaluronic acid and E-cadherin levels, and specific immune cell infiltrates.
  • Chronic eczema is marked by lichenification, hyperpigmentation (due to melanogenesis and pigment deposition), and dermal fibrosis.
  • Eczematous diseases are linked to increased risks of allergic conditions, coronary heart disease, and mental health issues like depression.

Conclusions:

  • Eczema exhibits diverse presentations in acute and chronic phases, driven by distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms.
  • Immune cell involvement is critical in eczema pathogenesis.
  • Eczema management requires a holistic approach, considering potential comorbidities.