Advances in spatial proteomics: Mapping proteome architecture from protein complexes to subcellular localizations.

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Proteomics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Proteins execute intracellular functions via higher-order molecular complexes within specific subcellular niches.
• Dynamic and context-specific protein localization is crucial; mislocalization is implicated in numerous diseases.
• Accurate measurement of protein complex components and their subcellular locations is vital for understanding cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current complementary approaches for determining subcellular proteome organization.
• To discuss the optimal scale and resolution for these methods.
• To explore emerging technologies for a deeper understanding of protein isoforms and disease.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing techniques for analyzing protein complex organization.
• Discussion of methodological considerations including scale and resolution.
• Exploration of future technological advancements.

Main Results:

• A comprehensive overview of current methods for assessing subcellular proteome organization is presented.
• Guidance on the appropriate application of these techniques based on scale and resolution is provided.
• Emerging technologies promise enhanced insights into protein isoform functions.

Conclusions:

• Dynamic measurement of protein complex localization is essential for advancing cell biology and disease research.
• A thorough understanding of protein organization aids in developing targeted disease treatments.
• Future technologies will further illuminate the roles of protein isoforms in cellular complexity.