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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

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Published on: January 4, 2017
Why do mobile genetic elements transfer DNA of their hosts?
Michiel Vos1, Angus Buckling2, Bram Kuijper3
1European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Environment and Sustainability Institute, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK.
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) transfer host DNA, potentially boosting natural selection through increased genetic variation. This review explores MGE-host DNA transfer benefits and costs, suggesting MGE-mediated sex may benefit hosts.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Prokaryotes utilize mobile genetic elements (MGEs) for DNA transfer within and between hosts.
- MGEs can transfer not only their own genetic material but also host chromosomal DNA.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review mechanisms of MGE-mediated host DNA transfer.
- To explore the evolutionary benefits and costs of this process for both MGEs and hosts.
- To investigate the potential role of MGE-mediated sex in host evolution.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of MGEs and host DNA transfer.
- Analysis of evolutionary advantages and disadvantages for MGEs and hosts.
- Examination of evidence for MGE domestication and its implications.
Main Results:
- MGEs facilitate the transfer of host DNA, increasing chromosomal variation.
- This variation can enhance the efficiency of natural selection for the host.
- MGE-mediated transfer of host DNA may not always be for a 'sex' function but can lead to host benefits.
Conclusions:
- MGEs play a significant role in prokaryotic genetic exchange and evolution.
- MGE-mediated host DNA transfer can provide indirect benefits to hosts via enhanced selection.
- Evidence suggests MGE domestication may represent a form of MGE-mediated sex with host advantages.
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