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Anoxic Brain Injury: A Subtle and Often Overlooked Finding in Non-Fatal Intimate Partner Strangulation.

Sean Dugan1, Michelle Patch2, Taman Hoang1

  • 1Shasta Community Health Center, Redding, California.

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|September 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Anoxic brain injury following non-fatal intimate partner strangulation (NF-IPS) is understudied. Loss of consciousness (LOC) is an unreliable indicator of anoxia, as many patients with amnesia do not recall LOC.

Keywords:
amnesiaanoxiahypoxiaintimate partner violencestrangulation

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Trauma Care

Background:

  • Limited research exists on identifying anoxic brain injury in survivors of non-fatal intimate partner strangulation (NF-IPS).
  • Patients may experience hypoxia symptoms before amnesia, impacting recall of unconsciousness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the prevalence of anoxic brain injury symptoms in NF-IPS patients using a standardized clinical assessment tool.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 191 patients (267 strangulation events) assessed using the Strangulation Hypoxia Anoxia Symptom TBI Assessment (SHASTA) tool.
  • Patient records were categorized by hypoxia and anoxia symptom presence.
  • Sample comprised 98% female adults (ages 18-68).

Main Results:

  • Amnesia was reported in 54.3% of strangulation events.
  • Of those with amnesia, 51.0% reported loss of consciousness (LOC), while 49.0% did not recall LOC.

Conclusions:

  • Loss of consciousness (LOC) is an imperfect measure of anoxia in NF-IPS survivors.
  • Healthcare providers should assess for additional hypoxia and amnesia symptoms using tools like SHASTA.