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Sleep and paranoia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Poppy Brown1, Sarah Reeve2, Matthew Hotton1
1Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and Research, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
Clinical Psychology Review
|September 22, 2024
Summary
Sleep problems are linked to paranoia, with evidence suggesting a causal relationship where poor sleep increases paranoid thoughts. Early intervention for sleep dysfunction may help manage paranoia.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Sleep Medicine
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Sleep dysfunction frequently co-occurs with paranoia.
- Sleep disturbances are hypothesized to contribute to the development and maintenance of paranoia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and quantitatively evaluate the evidence linking sleep dysfunction and paranoia.
- To examine this relationship across varying levels of severity.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search identified studies on sleep and paranoia in clinical and non-clinical populations.
- Meta-analysis employed a random effects model with Fisher r-to-z transformation.
Main Results:
- 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis, revealing a small-to-moderate association (r=0.30) between sleep and paranoia.
- Evidence suggests a partially causal relationship, with sleep disruption potentially increasing paranoia, and a possible bidirectional link.
- Negative affect was identified as a common mediator.
Conclusions:
- This review highlights a significant relationship between sleep and paranoia.
- Further research is recommended to explore early interventions for sleep dysfunction in individuals experiencing paranoia.
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