Circulating proteomic profiles in women with morbid obesity compared to normal-weight women

In this study, we aimed to evaluate circulating proteomic levels in women with morbid obesity (MO) compared to normal-weight (NW) women. Moreover, we have compared the proteomic profile between women with metabolically healthy (MH) MO and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study included 66 normal-weight (NW) women and 129 women with MO (54 MH and 75 with T2DM). Blood samples were processed for proteomics, involving protein extraction, quantification, digestion with peptide labelling and Nano (liquid chromatography (LC)-(Orbitrap) coupled to mass/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis. Statistical analyses were performed. We identified 257 proteins. Women with MO showed significantly increased levels of 35 proteins and decreased levels of 45 proteins compared to NW women. Enrichment analysis of metabolic pathways revealed significant findings. Women with MO have an altered proteomic profile compared to normal-weight women, involving proteins significantly related to chylomicron assembly, complement cascade, clotting pathways and the insulin growth factor system. Regarding women with MO and T2DM compared to MHMO women, the proteomic profile shows alterations in mostly the same pathways associated with obesity. These findings confirmed in previous reports can help us better understand the pathophysiology of obesity and associated diseases. SIGNIFICANCE: Women with morbid obesity (MO) exhibit substantial proteomic alterations compared to normal-weight (NW) women, involving 80 proteins. These alterations are linked to significant metabolic pathways, including chylomicron assembly, complement cascade, clotting pathways and the insulin growth factor system. Additionally, women with MO and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to metabolically healthy MO women share similar proteomic changes than the first comparison. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity and associated diseases, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention.