[Acute vascular occlusion of the eye fundus: ocular and general evaluation. General treatment plan]

Occlusion of retinal arterioles and veins and acute papillitis are often local manifestations of systemic disease. Treatment should start as soon as the diagnosis is made. At the same time the ocular lesions should be assessed and the local and systemic risk factors sought. Identified risk factors should be treated immediately if possible. The primary aim is to reestablish perfusion in the occluded vessels in order to limit the extent of lesions and to restore function. In practice, intervention is often too late. Subsequent treatment aims at consolidating the result, and may take a year; relapse should be avoided by treatment of the risk factors.