Food security during pregnancy: A qualitative content analysis study in Iran

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Nutrition Science
• Sociology

Background:

• Food security is critical for maternal and prenatal health.
• Food insecurity presents diverse challenges during pregnancy.
• Limited research exists on food security among pregnant women in Iran.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate food security during pregnancy from the perspectives of pregnant women and experts.
• To understand the factors influencing food access and utilization in pregnancy.
• To identify coping strategies and support needs for food-insecure pregnant women.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative study involving 17 pregnant women and 6 food security experts.
• Purposeful sampling and 23 semi-structured interviews.
• Conventional content analysis with rigorous quality evaluation.

Main Results:

• Food access in pregnancy is influenced by resource sustainability, economic factors, budget, pregnancy needs, nutritional literacy, and cultural practices.
• Pregnant women utilize various strategies to cope with food insecurity.
• Social and governmental support are essential for managing food insecurity during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

• Healthcare authorities should assess food security levels in pregnant women.
• Interventions should focus on equitable food distribution, cultural reform, enhanced food literacy, and structured support.
• Improving food security is crucial for optimizing maternal and prenatal outcomes.