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Alcohol Consumption and Cancer Risk: Two Sample Mendelian Randomization
Yongho Jee1, Mikyung Ryu2, Jae-Woong Sull3
1Advanced Biomedical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea.
Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 23, 2024
Summary
This study investigated the causal link between alcohol consumption and cancer. Mendelian randomization revealed a significant causal association between drinking and esophageal cancer, with borderline evidence for biliary tract cancer.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Observational studies suggest alcohol consumption is linked to cancer.
- Causal evidence for this association remains limited.
- Understanding causality is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the causal relationship between alcohol consumption (frequency and amount) and 16 cancer types.
- To differentiate between observational associations and true causality.
- To identify specific cancers causally linked to alcohol intake.
Main Methods:
- Utilized two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization (2SMR) from the MR-Base platform.
- Employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method for causal inference.
- Applied radial MR to address potential pleiotropy by removing outliers.
Main Results:
- Mendelian randomization identified a statistically significant causal link between alcohol consumption and esophageal cancer (OR 3.44, p=0.02172) after outlier removal.
- Borderline statistical significance was observed for biliary tract cancer (OR 3.86, p=0.07223) post-outlier removal.
- Results varied significantly before and after outlier removal, highlighting the impact of pleiotropy.
Conclusions:
- Alcohol consumption is causally associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer.
- A potential causal link between alcohol and biliary tract cancer warrants further investigation.
- More research is needed to fully elucidate the causal pathways between alcohol consumption and various cancer types.
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