Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

9.9K
RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
9.9K
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

43.9K
Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
43.9K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

6.0K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
6.0K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

26.0K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
26.0K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.1K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.1K
RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

8.9K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
8.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transcriptome-based cell type assignment for kidney cell culture models.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Advancing biogeographical ancestry predictions through machine learning.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2025
Same author

Accurate predictions on small data with a tabular foundation model.

Nature·2025
Same author

Partial RNA design.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2024
Same author

Managing extreme AI risks amid rapid progress.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2024
Same author

Winning Solutions and Post-Challenge Analyses of the ChaLearn AutoDL Challenge 2019.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2021
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster by Capture Hi-C (CHi-C).

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Mapping the 3D Chromosome Organization of Streptomyces by Hi-C.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

CUT&Tag Epigenomic Profiling of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Rhizobium rhizogenes-Mediated Hairy Root Transformation Protocol for Lotus japonicus and Other Legumes.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Characterization of Bioactive Saponins from Sea Cucumbers.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same journal

Methods for Functional Validation of Terpenoid Metabolic Clusters in Nicotiana benthamiana and Aspergillus oryzae.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

An Optimized Quantitative Pull-Down Analysis of RNA-Binding Proteins Using Short Biotinylated RNA
07:55

An Optimized Quantitative Pull-Down Analysis of RNA-Binding Proteins Using Short Biotinylated RNA

Published on: February 17, 2023

3.5K

Machine Learning for RNA Design: LEARNA.

Frederic Runge1, Frank Hutter2,3

  • 1University of Freiburg, Department of Computer Science, Freiburg, Germany. runget@cs.uni-freiburg.de.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter introduces machine learning for RNA design, focusing on the learna_tools package. It details automated deep reinforcement learning for creating RNA secondary structures.

Keywords:
Automated Machine LearningAutomated Reinforcement LearningDeep LearningMachine LearningPartial RNA DesignRNA DesignReinforcement Learning

More Related Videos

Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA
07:24

Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA

Published on: July 9, 2021

2.4K
RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE
13:42

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

Published on: May 31, 2013

31.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

An Optimized Quantitative Pull-Down Analysis of RNA-Binding Proteins Using Short Biotinylated RNA
07:55

An Optimized Quantitative Pull-Down Analysis of RNA-Binding Proteins Using Short Biotinylated RNA

Published on: February 17, 2023

3.5K
Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA
07:24

Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA

Published on: July 9, 2021

2.4K
RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE
13:42

RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using High-throughput SHAPE

Published on: May 31, 2013

31.4K

Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Machine learning, especially deep learning, shows promise in molecular biology.
  • RNA design is a complex field requiring advanced computational tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe machine learning approaches for RNA design.
  • To introduce the learna_tools Python package for automated RNA design.
  • To explain reinforcement learning concepts applied to RNA secondary structure design.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized deep reinforcement learning algorithms.
  • Developed the learna_tools Python package for automated RNA design.
  • Provided explicit examples for tool usage and applications.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the application of automated reinforcement learning to RNA design.
  • Highlighted the capabilities of learna_tools for secondary structure-based RNA design.

Conclusions:

  • Machine learning, particularly automated reinforcement learning, offers powerful methods for RNA design.
  • The learna_tools package provides a practical resource for researchers in RNA design.